Many factors can contribute to memory loss. Anything from a stress-filled day to a certain medication to an underlying condition such as Alzheimer’s can affect your ability to create, store, or retrieve memories.
Dr. Andrew Lerman at Gables Neurology in Miami, Florida, provides specialty care for adults experiencing dementia, Parkinson’s, migraines, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders that can affect overall health and quality of life.
Memory loss often takes top billing when considering symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s and other conditions linked to dementia. However, some declines in memory are expected with aging and may be related to a variety of health issues, including vitamin deficiencies and poor sleep habits.
Read more from Dr. Lerman and our team regarding how memory loss happens and the many factors that can affect memory storage and retrieval.
Memory is a complex and multifaceted brain function involving various regions and processes. Types of memory include:
Short-term memory allows you to hold a small amount of information briefly. Also known as active memory, short-term memories last for seconds unless you make an effort to move them to long-term storage.
For instance, when you memorize a new phone number by writing it down or reciting it several times, your brain moves it into long-term storage.
Long-term memory is the process your brain uses to store information from short-term memory over a longer period, potentially a lifetime.
Working memory holds and manipulates information for cognitive tasks. For instance, working memory allows you to remember a number in the math equation you’re trying to solve.
Memory formation and retrieval involve intricate processes in your brain. Here's a simplified overview of how these processes work and how they can be disrupted:
This is the initial process of perceiving and learning new information. Problems with encoding can result from distraction, stress, or lack of focus, leading to poor memory retention.
After encoding, the information must be stored in your brain. This process relies on the proper functioning of neurons and synapses. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's can damage these structures, impairing storage capabilities.
Retrieving stored information requires a complex network of neural connections. Conditions like depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders can interfere with these pathways, making it difficult to recall memories.
Several factors can contribute to memory loss, including:
As you age, your brain naturally undergoes changes that can affect your memory. Some degree of memory decline is normal, but significant memory loss isn’t a typical part of aging.
Age-related memory loss may cause you to temporarily misplace your favorite watch, forget a neighbor’s name for a moment, or feel the need to carry a list of the items you intend to pick up at the grocery store.
You may also notice that it takes you longer to learn a new skill or complete a puzzle. However, these changes rarely cause a significant disruption in your daily activities or routines.
Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia, stroke, and brain injuries can cause memory loss. However, these conditions usually include symptoms that are much more pervasive than temporary memory lapses.
For instance, dementia symptoms may also include changes in mood and personality, confusion over completing familiar tasks, and an inability to identify recognizable objects such as car keys.
As noted, depression, anxiety, poor sleep habits, and stress can also affect your ability to store and retrieve memories. The first step in understanding and treating memory loss is defining its characteristics and possible causes.
If you’ve been diagnosed with dementia or are concerned about memory loss, we can help. Schedule an evaluation with Dr. Lerman at Gables Neurology today by calling our office or requesting an appointment online.
